Espionage vs Intelligence

When to use each in English, with meaning, register, and examples.

 EspionageIntelligence
MeaningThe secret act of spying, especially to get secret information.The ability to think, learn, and understand.
Registerformal-
CEFR level-B1
Part of speechnoun
Usage notesUsed primarily in formal contexts, especially in discussions about government or military activities. Avoid in casual conversation.Used in both formal and informal contexts. Can refer to academic intelligence or general cleverness. Avoid using it in overly casual conversations.

Frequently asked questions: Espionage vs Intelligence

What's the difference between "Espionage" and "Intelligence"?

"Espionage" means: The secret act of spying, especially to get secret information. "Intelligence" means: The ability to think, learn, and understand.

When should I use "Espionage" and "Intelligence"?

"Espionage" is formal.

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