Have you been eavesdropping vs Spy

When to use each in English, with meaning, register, and examples.

Have you been eavesdropping

InformalTop 5,000 (fairly common)

Spy

Beyond 10,000 (less common)C1noun
Most formal: SpyMost common: Have you been eavesdropping
 Have you been eavesdroppingSpy
Pronunciation🇬🇧 //hæv jʊ bɪn ˈiːvzdrɒpɪŋ//🇺🇸 //hæv jʊ bɪn ˈiːvzdrɑːpɪŋ//🇬🇧 /["/spaɪ/"]/🇺🇸 /["/spaɪ/"]/
MeaningHave you been secretly listening to others?A person who secretly watches or gathers information about others.
ExampleI can't believe you were asking me this after you asked, 'have you been eavesdropping?'The spy successfully infiltrated the enemy's headquarters to gather confidential information.
RegisterInformalNeutral
How commonTop 5,000 (fairly common)Beyond 10,000 (less common)
CEFR level-C1
Part of speechnoun
Collocationshave you been eavesdropping, caught eavesdropping, accidentally eavesdropping, eavesdropping on conversations, eavesdropping techniquesenemy, foreign, government, network, act as, be, work as, infiltrate, film, movie, novel, spy for
Antonyms-friend, ally, supporter
Common mistakesUsing 'eavesdrop' without 'have' (e.g. 'Did you eavesdrop?'), Saying 'have you been eavesdrop?' instead of 'eavesdropping', Confusing 'eavesdropping' with 'overhearing'Confused with 'spying' as a noun vs adjective., Using 'spy' without an object (e.g., 'I spy' needs a target, like 'I spy a bird')., Using 'spy' in the past tense incorrectly (e.g., 'spied' is correct, not 'spied on').
Usage notesUse this phrase when you suspect someone is listening to private conversations. Generally informal, avoid in formal contexts.Use 'spy' in both informal and formal contexts. It can refer to espionage or simply watching someone closely. It's not appropriate in casual conversations unless joking.

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Have you been eavesdropping

Frequently asked questions: Have you been eavesdropping vs Spy

What's the difference between Have you been eavesdropping and Spy?

Have you been eavesdropping: Have you been secretly listening to others? Spy: A person who secretly watches or gathers information about others.

Which is more formal: Have you been eavesdropping and Spy?

Spy is the most formal of these.

Which is more common: Have you been eavesdropping and Spy?

Have you been eavesdropping is the most common in everyday English.

Can you show an example of each?

Have you been eavesdropping: I can't believe you were asking me this after you asked, 'have you been eavesdropping?' Spy: The spy successfully infiltrated the enemy's headquarters to gather confidential information.

Can I use Have you been eavesdropping and Spy interchangeably?

Not always. Have you been eavesdropping and Spy are related and overlap in some contexts, but they differ in register, how common they are, and usage, so swapping one for another can change the meaning or tone. Check the differences above before substituting.