That vs Who vs Whom

Quando usare ciascuno in inglese, con significato, registro ed esempi.

That

Chunk ad alta frequenza A1 determiner

Who

Chunk ad alta frequenza A1 pronoun

Whom

Formale Oltre 10.000 (meno comune) B2 pronoun

Più formale: Whom

	That	Who	Whom
Pronuncia	🇬🇧 /["/ðæt/","/ðəʊz/"]/ 🇺🇸 /["/ðæt/","/ðəʊz/"]/	🇬🇧 /["/huː/"]/ 🇺🇸 /["/huː/"]/	🇬🇧 /["/huːm/"]/ 🇺🇸 /["/huːm/"]/
Significato	used to refer to a specific thing or person	A word used to ask about a person.	Used instead of 'who' when talking about the object of a verb or preposition.
Esempio	Look at that man over there.	Who is that woman?	Whom did they invite?
Registro	Neutro	Neutro	Formale
Quanto è comune	Chunk ad alta frequenza	Chunk ad alta frequenza	Oltre 10.000 (meno comune)
Livello CEFR	A1	A1	B2
Categoria grammaticale	determiner	pronoun	pronoun
Collocazioni	that is, that way, that means, not that, that much	who is, who are, who knows	to whom it may concern, whom do you prefer?, with whom are you talking
Contrari	this	someone, somebody, anyone, anybody	who
Errori comuni	Confusing 'that' with 'which' in restrictive vs non-restrictive clauses., Using 'that' when the antecedent is a person (use 'who')., Overusing 'that' in sentences, which can make them awkward.	Using 'who' for objects instead of 'whom'., 'Who' used incorrectly after prepositions like 'to'.	Using 'who' instead of 'whom' in object positions., 'Whom' is often omitted in casual talk., Confusing 'whom' with 'who' when using in questions.
Note d'uso	Used to refer to something already mentioned or known. In spoken English, it's often used informally. Be careful not to use it in overly formal writing where specificity is needed.	Used to inquire about someone's identity; appropriate in both formal and informal settings. Avoid using it in contexts where specifics are required, like in legal or detailed reports.	Use 'whom' in more formal situations or writing. In everyday conversation, many people use 'who' instead. It's often used following prepositions.

Domande frequenti: That vs Who vs Whom

Qual è la differenza tra That, Who e Whom?

That: used to refer to a specific thing or person Who: A word used to ask about a person. Whom: Used instead of 'who' when talking about the object of a verb or preposition.

Quale è più formale: That, Who e Whom?

Whom è la più formale tra queste.

Quale è più avanzata: That, Who e Whom?

Whom è il livello più alto, a B2, sulla scala CEFR.

That, Who e Whom sono allo stesso livello CEFR?

That: A1, Who: A1, Whom: B2 sulla scala CEFR.

Che categoria grammaticale sono That, Who e Whom?

That: determiner, Who: pronoun, Whom: pronoun.

Puoi mostrare un esempio di ciascuna?

That: Look at that man over there. Who: Who is that woman? Whom: Whom did they invite?

Posso usare That, Who e Whom in modo intercambiabile?

Non sempre. That, Who e Whom sono affini e a volte si sovrappongono, ma differiscono per registro, frequenza e uso, quindi scambiarle può cambiare il significato o il tono. Controlla le differenze qui sopra prima di sostituire.