Cool MateEspionage 对比 Intelligence 对比 Surveillance
在英语中何时使用每一个，包含含义、语域和例句。
Espionage
正式前 5000（相当常见）
Intelligence
前 1000（非常常见）B1noun
Surveillance
正式10000 以上（较少见）C1noun
最常见: Intelligence
| Espionage | Intelligence | Surveillance | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 发音 | 🇬🇧 //ˈɛspiənɑːʒ//🇺🇸 //ˈɛspiəˌnɑʒ// | 🇬🇧 /["/ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/"]/🇺🇸 /["/ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/"]/ | 🇬🇧 /["/sɜːˈveɪləns/"]/🇺🇸 /["/sɜːrˈveɪləns/"]/ |
| 含义 | 秘密进行间谍活动，尤其是获取秘密信息。The secret act of spying, especially to get secret information. | 思考、学习和理解的能力。The ability to think, learn, and understand. | 密切关注某人或某事，通常是为了获取更多信息。Watching someone or something carefully, often to find out more information. |
| 例句 | The country was accused of conducting espionage against its neighbors. | Her intelligence in solving complex problems is impressive. | The police are keeping the suspects **under** constant **surveillance**. |
| 语域 | 正式 | 中性 | 正式 |
| 常见程度 | 前 5000（相当常见） | 前 1000（非常常见） | 10000 以上（较少见） |
| CEFR 等级 | - | B1 | C1 |
| 词性 | noun | noun | |
| 搭配 | conduct espionage, engage in espionage, accuse of espionage, practice espionage, spy for espionage | considerable, great, high, have, demonstrate, show, test, secret, good, reliable, collect, gather, get, agency, community, service | close, constant, regular, be under, keep somebody/something under, place somebody/something under, camera, device, equipment |
| 反义 | - | ignorance, stupidity | ignorance, negligence, carelessness |
| 常见错误 | Confused with 'spying' - espionage implies organized, often state-sponsored activities., Wrongly assume it's only about military - it can also involve corporate secrets. | Often confused with 'intelligent' as a synonym., Misused as an adjective, though it is a noun., Sometimes incorrectly spelled as 'inteligence'. | Confused with 'surveil' (verb) and 'surveillance' (noun), Mispronunciation, often as 'sur-veal-lance' instead of 'sur-veil-lance', Overusing in informal settings where more casual terms could fit |
| 用法说明 | 主要用于正式场合，尤其是在讨论政府或军事活动时。在日常对话中避免使用。Used primarily in formal contexts, especially in discussions about government or military activities. Avoid in casual conversation. | 在正式和非正式场合都可以使用。可以指学术智力或一般聪明才智。避免在过于随意的对话中使用。Used in both formal and informal contexts. Can refer to academic intelligence or general cleverness. Avoid using it in overly casual conversations. | 主要用于执法、安全和隐私讨论等正式场合。不适用于随意交谈。可能暗示着监控或侵入感。Used mainly in formal contexts such as law enforcement, security, and privacy discussions. Not appropriate in casual conversation. Can imply a sense of monitoring or intrusiveness. |
在真实片段中看它
常见问题：Espionage 对比 Intelligence 对比 Surveillance
Espionage、Intelligence和Surveillance 有什么区别？
Espionage: The secret act of spying, especially to get secret information. Intelligence: The ability to think, learn, and understand. Surveillance: Watching someone or something carefully, often to find out more information.
哪个更常见：Espionage、Intelligence和Surveillance？
Intelligence 在日常英语中最常见。
哪个更高级：Espionage、Intelligence和Surveillance？
Surveillance 级别最高，在 CEFR 量表上为 C1。
能各给一个例子吗？
Espionage: The country was accused of conducting espionage against its neighbors. Intelligence: Her intelligence in solving complex problems is impressive. Surveillance: The police are keeping the suspects **under** constant **surveillance**.
我可以互换使用 Espionage、Intelligence和Surveillance 吗？
不总是。Espionage、Intelligence和Surveillance 相关，有时可以互换，但在语域、常见程度和用法上不同，所以换用可能改变意思或语气。替换前先看看上面的区别。