Maintain vs Preserve vs Restore vs Sustain

Quand utiliser chacun en anglais, avec le sens, le registre et des exemples.

Maintain

Top 2000 (courant) B2 verb

Preserve

Top 2000 (courant) B2 verb

Restore

Top 2000 (courant) B2 verb

Sustain

Top 2000 (courant) C1 verb

	Maintain	Preserve	Restore	Sustain
Prononciation	🇬🇧 //meɪnˈteɪn// 🇺🇸 //meɪnˈteɪn//	🇬🇧 //prɪˈzɜːv// 🇺🇸 //prɪˈzɝːv//	🇬🇧 /["/rɪˈstɔː(r)/","/rɪˈstɔːz/","/rɪˈstɔːd/","/rɪˈstɔːrɪŋ/"]/ 🇺🇸 /["/rɪˈstɔːr/","/rɪˈstɔːrz/","/rɪˈstɔːrd/","/rɪˈstɔːrɪŋ/"]/	🇬🇧 /["/səˈsteɪn/","/səˈsteɪnz/","/səˈsteɪnd/","/səˈsteɪnɪŋ/"]/ 🇺🇸 /["/səˈsteɪn/","/səˈsteɪnz/","/səˈsteɪnd/","/səˈsteɪnɪŋ/"]/
Sens	To keep something in good condition or continue to have it.	Garder quelque chose à l'abri du danger ou du changement. To keep something safe from harm or change.	Remettre quelque chose dans un meilleur état ou une meilleure position to bring something back to a better condition or position	Garder quelque chose en vie ou le maintenir. To keep something going or maintain it.
Exemple	To maintain a healthy lifestyle, you should exercise regularly.	We need to preserve our natural resources for future generations.	The government plans to restore the historical building to its original design.	We must find ways to sustain our natural resources for the future.
Registre	Neutre	Neutre	Neutre	Neutre
Fréquence	Top 2000 (courant)	Top 2000 (courant)	Top 2000 (courant)	Top 2000 (courant)
Niveau CEFR	B2	B2	B2	C1
Nature grammaticale	verb	verb	verb	verb
Collocations	maintain order, maintain balance, maintain standards, maintain equipment	preserve food, preserve nature, preserve culture, preserve the environment	quickly, soon, need to, attempt to, seek to, to, an attempt to restore something, an effort to restore something, be aimed at restoring something, completely, fully, partially, to, newly restored, recently restored, restore something to its former glory	no longer, barely, indefinitely, be able to, can, be unable to
Antonymes	neglect, abandon, discontinue	destroy, neglect, waste	deteriorate, damage, destroy	neglect, abandon, cease
Erreurs fréquentes	Confused with 'mainten' which is not a word., Using 'maintain' with uncountable nouns incorrectly., Omitting the object when using it in a sentence.	Confused with 'conserve' which has a more restricted meaning., Using 'preserve' with uncountable nouns incorrectly., Misplacing 'preserve' in sentences, especially in passive forms.	Confused with 'store' — they have different meanings., Used incorrectly with 'to' instead of 'to restore' — e.g., 'restore to health' instead of 'restore health.'	'Sustain' is often confused with 'sustained' as a past form., Learners sometimes forget to add an object after 'sustain'., 'Sustain' is misused when referring to temporary situations, instead of ongoing support.
Notes d'usage	Used in contexts involving care, upkeep, or support. Appropriate in both spoken and written English but varies from technical discussions to daily conversation.	Indique l'acte de maintenir quelque chose dans son état d'origine. Souvent utilisé dans les contextes environnementaux et culinaires. À éviter dans les contextes informels. Used to indicate the act of maintaining something in its original state. Often used in environmental and culinary contexts. Avoid informal settings.	Utilisez 'restaurer' dans des contextes où quelque chose doit être réparé ou remis dans son état d'origine. Courant dans les discussions sur l'art, la technologie et la nature. À éviter dans les conversations très informelles. Use 'restore' in contexts where something needs to be fixed or returned to its original state. Common in discussions about art, technology, and nature. Avoid in very casual conversations.	Utilisez 'soutenir' dans des contextes où il s'agit de maintenir quelque chose en vie ou de le supporter sur la durée. Cela peut être formel lorsqu'on parle de sujets comme les questions environnementales, ou moins formel dans des conversations sur des intérêts personnels. Use 'sustain' in contexts about keeping something alive or supporting it over time. It can be formal when discussing topics like environmental issues or less formal in conversations about personal interests.

Vois-le dans de vrais extraits

Whether or not you can maintain loyalty.

Maintain

"And I might share with you some words which have sustained me

Sherlock › S1 E1

Impossible to sustain a smoking habit in London these days.

There's not a planet in our solar system that could sustain life...

"And I might share with you some words which have sustained me

Sherlock › S1 E1

Impossible to sustain a smoking habit in London these days.

Sustain

Questions fréquentes : Maintain vs Preserve vs Restore vs Sustain

Quelle est la différence entre Maintain, Preserve, Restore et Sustain ?

Maintain: To keep something in good condition or continue to have it. Preserve: To keep something safe from harm or change. Restore: to bring something back to a better condition or position Sustain: To keep something going or maintain it.

Lequel est le plus avancé : Maintain, Preserve, Restore et Sustain ?

Sustain est le niveau le plus élevé, à C1, sur l'échelle CEFR.

Maintain, Preserve, Restore et Sustain sont-ils au même niveau CEFR ?

Maintain: B2, Preserve: B2, Restore: B2, Sustain: C1 sur l'échelle CEFR.

Quelle est la nature grammaticale de Maintain, Preserve, Restore et Sustain ?

Maintain: verb, Preserve: verb, Restore: verb, Sustain: verb.

Peux-tu montrer un exemple de chacun ?

Maintain: To maintain a healthy lifestyle, you should exercise regularly. Preserve: We need to preserve our natural resources for future generations. Restore: The government plans to restore the historical building to its original design. Sustain: We must find ways to sustain our natural resources for the future.

Puis-je utiliser Maintain, Preserve, Restore et Sustain de façon interchangeable ?

Pas toujours. Maintain, Preserve, Restore et Sustain sont proches et se recoupent parfois, mais elles diffèrent par le registre, la fréquence et l'usage, donc remplacer l'une par l'autre peut changer le sens ou le ton. Regarde les différences ci-dessus avant de substituer.