C1adjective 2K

Harsh

UK //hɑːʃ// US //hɑrʃ// Pronunciation

Definition

Having a severe or strong effect; unpleasantly rough or grating.

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In simple words: Very strong or unpleasant.

Examples

• The criticism from the teacher was quite harsh.
• The harsh winter left many animals struggling to survive.
• Her harsh tone made it clear she was upset.
• He faced harsh realities when he moved to the city.
• The harsh sunlight made it difficult to see clearly.

Usage notes

Often used to describe strong criticism, difficult conditions, or severe actions. Avoid using in overly casual contexts.

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Grammar pattern

standalone adjective

Memory hint

Think of 'harsh' like 'harsh weather' - it’s tough and uncomfortable.

Collocations

• harsh criticism
• harsh climate
• harsh treatment

Synonyms

• severe
• cruel
• stern
• grating
• abrasive

Antonyms

• gentle
• mild
• soft

Common mistakes

• Confusing with 'harshness', which is a noun.
• Using 'harsh' instead of 'hard' in contexts of effort.
• Overusing in positive contexts, which can sound ironic.