Damage против Harm против Hurt против Injure

Когда что использовать в английском, со значением, регистром и примерами.

Damage

Топ 1000 (очень частое) B1 noun

Harm

Топ 2000 (частое) B2 noun

Hurt

Топ 1000 (очень частое) A2 verb

Injure

Топ 2000 (частое) B1 verb

	Damage	Harm	Hurt	Injure
Произношение	🇬🇧 /["/ˈdæmɪdʒ/"]/ 🇺🇸 /["/ˈdæmɪdʒ/"]/	🇬🇧 /["/hɑːm/"]/ 🇺🇸 /["/hɑːrm/"]/	🇬🇧 /["/hɜːt/","/hɜːts/","/ˈhɜːtɪŋ/"]/ 🇺🇸 /["/hɜːrt/","/hɜːrts/","/ˈhɜːrtɪŋ/"]/	🇬🇧 /["/ˈɪndʒə(r)/","/ˈɪndʒəz/","/ˈɪndʒəd/","/ˈɪndʒərɪŋ/"]/ 🇺🇸 /["/ˈɪndʒər/","/ˈɪndʒərz/","/ˈɪndʒərd/","/ˈɪndʒərɪŋ/"]/
Значение	Harm or hurt something.	To hurt someone or something.	to cause pain or damage to someone or something	to hurt someone or something
Пример	The storm caused significant damage to the roof.	The use of plastic can cause harm to the environment.	I accidentally hurt my knee while playing soccer.	He didn't mean to injure his friend during the game.
Регистр	Нейтральное	Нейтральное	Нейтральное	Нейтральное
Насколько частое	Топ 1000 (очень частое)	Топ 2000 (частое)	Топ 1000 (очень частое)	Топ 2000 (частое)
Уровень CEFR	B1	B2	A2	B1
Часть речи	noun	noun	verb	verb
Сочетания	considerable, enormous, great, cause, do, inflict, occur, result, assessment, report, control, damage by, damage from, damage to, the cost of the damage, the damage is done, the extent of the damage, considerable, enormous, great, cause, do, inflict, occur, result, assessment, report, control, damage by, damage from, damage to, the cost of the damage, the damage is done, the extent of the damage, civil, substantial, punitive, incur, suffer, claim, action, claim, award, in damage, damage for, damage of, an action for damages, a claim for damages	considerable, great, serious, cause, do, inflict, come to somebody/​something, harm from, harm to, more harm than good, out of harm’s way	badly, seriously, actually, badly, a lot, really, be going to, begin to, badly, deeply, really, attempt to, try to, want to	badly, seriously, severely, seriously, severely, be likely to
Антонимы	repair, restore, fix	benefit, heal, protect	heal, comfort, soothe	heal, protect, repair
Частые ошибки	Confusing 'damage' with 'damages', which refers to monetary compensation., Using 'damaged' incorrectly as a noun., Mixing up 'damage' (noun) with 'damaging' (verb form).	Confused with 'harm' vs 'damage' — 'harm' often involves living beings., Incorrect verb forms — learners might say 'harmes' instead of 'harms'., Using it in a non-causal way, like 'He was harmed by falling.' instead of 'He was harmed when he fell.'	Confused with 'hurted' instead of 'hurt', Using 'hurt' as a noun instead of a verb, Mixing up 'hurt' with 'harmed' in contexts where they don't mean the same	Confused with 'harm' — 'injure' specifically refers to physical damage., Using 'injure' with non-physical subjects (e.g., 'injure feelings')., Mixing up 'injure' with 'injury' — one is a verb and the other is a noun.
Заметки по употреблению	Use 'damage' when talking about physical harm or loss. It can be used in both written and spoken contexts. Avoid using it in very casual situations; instead, use 'hurt' or 'harm' for simpler contexts.	Use 'harm' in contexts where someone or something is negatively affected. It's suitable for both spoken and written English but avoids overly emotional contexts.	Use 'hurt' when talking about physical or emotional pain. It can be used in both formal and informal contexts but avoid it in overly formal writing. Saying someone 'hurt my feelings' is common.	Use in contexts related to physical harm. Avoid in casual conversations unless discussing sports or accidents.

Частые вопросы: Damage против Harm против Hurt против Injure

В чём разница между Damage, Harm, Hurt и Injure?

Damage: Harm or hurt something. Harm: To hurt someone or something. Hurt: to cause pain or damage to someone or something Injure: to hurt someone or something

Что сложнее: Damage, Harm, Hurt и Injure?

Harm имеет самый высокий уровень, B2, по шкале CEFR.

У Damage, Harm, Hurt и Injure одинаковый уровень CEFR?

Damage: B1, Harm: B2, Hurt: A2, Injure: B1 по шкале CEFR.

Какая часть речи у Damage, Harm, Hurt и Injure?

Damage: noun, Harm: noun, Hurt: verb, Injure: verb.

Можно показать пример каждого?

Damage: The storm caused significant damage to the roof. Harm: The use of plastic can cause harm to the environment. Hurt: I accidentally hurt my knee while playing soccer. Injure: He didn't mean to injure his friend during the game.

Можно ли использовать Damage, Harm, Hurt и Injure взаимозаменяемо?

Не всегда. Damage, Harm, Hurt и Injure близки и иногда пересекаются, но различаются по регистру, частоте и употреблению, поэтому замена одного другим может изменить смысл или тон. Стоит свериться с различиями выше, прежде чем заменять.