A2preposition1K

Including

UK /["/ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/"]/US /["/ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/"]/

Definition

having something as part of a group or set

In simple words: to have something as a part of a group or list

Examples

I've got three days' holiday including New Year's Day.
Six people were killed in the riot, including a policeman.
It's £7.50, **not including** tax.

Usage notes

Use 'including' when you want to give examples of items or people that are part of a larger group. It is suitable for both spoken and written contexts but avoid using it in overly formal writing.

Grammar pattern

include + object

Memory hint

Think of 'in' as being 'inside' and 'cluding' as part of a club's membership.

Collocations

including all
including this
including others
including details
including examples

Synonyms

comprising
consisting of
containing
featuring
incorporating

Antonyms

excluding
omitting

Common mistakes

Using 'including' without an item after (e.g., 'We have fruits, including' is incorrect).
Confusing 'including' with 'including but not limited to' in informal contexts, leading to unnecessary complexity.
Misplacing the word in a sentence, making the meaning unclear.