A2preposition1K

Including

UK /["/ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/"]/US /["/ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/"]/

Definition

having something as part of a group or set

In simple words: to have something as a part of a group or list

Examples

  • I've got three days' holiday including New Year's Day.
  • Six people were killed in the riot, including a policeman.
  • It's £7.50, **not including** tax.

Usage notes

Use 'including' when you want to give examples of items or people that are part of a larger group. It is suitable for both spoken and written contexts but avoid using it in overly formal writing.

Grammar pattern

include + object

Memory hint

Think of 'in' as being 'inside' and 'cluding' as part of a club's membership.

Collocations

  • including all
  • including this
  • including others
  • including details
  • including examples

Synonyms

  • comprising
  • consisting of
  • containing
  • featuring
  • incorporating

Antonyms

  • excluding
  • omitting

Common mistakes

  • Using 'including' without an item after (e.g., 'We have fruits, including' is incorrect).
  • Confusing 'including' with 'including but not limited to' in informal contexts, leading to unnecessary complexity.
  • Misplacing the word in a sentence, making the meaning unclear.