Cool MateAbility против Capability против Competence
Когда что использовать в английском, со значением, регистром и примерами.
Ability
Capability
Competence
| Ability | Capability | Competence | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Произношение | 🇬🇧 /["/əˈbɪləti/"]/🇺🇸 /["/əˈbɪləti/"]/ | 🇬🇧 /["/ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti/"]/🇺🇸 /["/ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti/"]/ | 🇬🇧 /["/ˈkɒmpɪtəns/"]/🇺🇸 /["/ˈkɑːmpɪtəns/"]/ |
| Значение | The skill to do something. | The ability to do something. | the ability to do something well |
| Пример | She has the ability to learn new languages quickly. | Her capability as a leader impressed everyone at the meeting. | Her competence in multiple languages impresses her colleagues. |
| Регистр | Нейтральное | Нейтральное | Нейтральное |
| Насколько частое | Топ 1000 (очень частое) | Топ 2000 (частое) | Топ 2000 (частое) |
| Уровень CEFR | A2 | C1 | C1 |
| Часть речи | noun | noun | noun |
| Сочетания | exceptional, extraordinary, great, level, have, possess, retain, ability in, to the best of your ability, high, limited, low, assess, measure, test, level, range, a range of ability, a range of abilities | advanced, enhanced, limited, demonstrate, have, possess, beyond somebody’s capability, within somebody’s capability, capability for, advanced, enhanced, limited, demonstrate, have, possess, beyond somebody’s capability, within somebody’s capability, capability for | great, basic, academic, have, demonstrate, display, beyond somebody’s competence, within somebody’s competence, competence as, a level of competence, a standard of competence, formal, exclusive, have, outside somebody/something’s competence, within somebody/something’s competence, an area of competence |
| Антонимы | inability, ineptness | incapability, inability | incompetence, ineptitude |
| Частые ошибки | Confused with 'capability' — 'ability' refers to a skill, while 'capability' refers to the potential to develop a skill., Using 'ability' without a verb or context can make sentences unclear., Incorrectly pluralizing as 'abilities' when referring to a single skill. | Confusing with 'capacity' which refers to volume or quantity., Using it as a verb instead of a noun., Misplacing the emphasis in pronunciation. | Confused with 'competency'; both refer to abilities but 'competence' is broader., Misused as a verb; 'competence' is always a noun., Spelling errors, especially with the second 'e'. |
| Заметки по употреблению | Use 'ability' in contexts where referring to someone's skills or talents. Avoid it in very casual conversations where simpler words like 'skill' may be more appropriate. | Use 'capability' in professional or academic contexts to discuss skills or potential. It's not commonly used in casual conversations. | Use 'competence' in contexts such as job skills or educational achievements. Avoid in very casual conversations; prefer 'skill' or 'ability' instead. |
Частые вопросы: Ability против Capability против Competence
В чём разница между Ability, Capability и Competence?
Ability: The skill to do something. Capability: The ability to do something. Competence: the ability to do something well
Что чаще встречается: Ability, Capability и Competence?
Среди них Ability самое частое в повседневном английском.
У Ability, Capability и Competence одинаковый уровень CEFR?
Ability: A2, Capability: C1, Competence: C1 по шкале CEFR.
Какая часть речи у Ability, Capability и Competence?
Ability: noun, Capability: noun, Competence: noun.
Можно показать пример каждого?
Ability: She has the ability to learn new languages quickly. Capability: Her capability as a leader impressed everyone at the meeting. Competence: Her competence in multiple languages impresses her colleagues.
Можно ли использовать Ability, Capability и Competence взаимозаменяемо?
Не всегда. Ability, Capability и Competence близки и иногда пересекаются, но различаются по регистру, частоте и употреблению, поэтому замена одного другим может изменить смысл или тон. Стоит свериться с различиями выше, прежде чем заменять.