Approximate vs Close vs Near vs Rough

Quando usar cada um em inglês, com significado, registro e exemplos.

Approximate

Top 1000 (muito comum) B1 adjective

Close

Top 1000 (muito comum) A1 verb

Near

Top 1000 (muito comum) A1 preposition

Rough

Top 2000 (comum) B1 adjective

	Approximate	Close	Near	Rough
Pronúncia	🇬🇧 /["/əˈprɒksɪmət/"]/ 🇺🇸 /["/əˈprɑːksɪmət/"]/	🇬🇧 /["/kləʊz/","/ˈkləʊzɪz/","/kləʊzd/","/ˈkləʊzɪŋ/"]/ 🇺🇸 /["/kləʊz/","/ˈkləʊzɪz/","/kləʊzd/","/ˈkləʊzɪŋ/"]/	🇬🇧 /["/nɪə(r)/"]/ 🇺🇸 /["/nɪr/"]/	🇬🇧 /["/rʌf/"]/ 🇺🇸 /["/rʌf/"]/
Significado	Estimar algo com precisão. To guess or estimate something closely.	Fechar algo, como uma porta ou janela. To shut something, like a door or a window.	próximo de algo close to something	Não é liso; tem muitas irregularidades ou áreas desiguais. Not smooth; having a lot of bumps or uneven areas.
Exemplo	an **approximate number/total/cost**	Please close the door before you leave.	The school is near my house.	The surface of the table is quite rough, making it difficult to write on.
Registro	Neutro	Neutro	Neutro	Neutro
Quão comum	Top 1000 (muito comum)	Top 1000 (muito comum)	Top 1000 (muito comum)	Top 2000 (comum)
Nível CEFR	B1	A1	A1	B1
Classe gramatical	adjective	verb	preposition	adjective
Colocações	approximate value, approximate number, approximate location	firmly, tightly, gently, firmly, tightly, gently, permanently, temporarily, officially, to, permanently, temporarily, officially, to	near future, nearby location, near misses	rough surface, rough estimate, rough terrain, rough times, rough texture
Antônimos	exact, precise	open, start	far, distant, remote	smooth, soft, gentle
Erros comuns	Confusing with 'approximation' - 'approximate' is a verb., Using it as a noun - 'approximate' should be used as a verb or adjective., Not pairing with an appropriate object - remember to specify what you are approximating.	Confusing 'close' with 'shut' – know when to use which., Using 'close' when referring to people (e.g., 'close the friend') instead of 'end' or 'finish'.	Confused with 'close' as both can mean similar things., Using 'nears' as a verb form instead of 'is near'., Omitting the object when saying 'near' without context.	Confused with 'ruff', which is a dog sound., Using 'rough' instead of 'tough' when talking about difficulty., 'Roughness' is sometimes incorrectly used for subjects, instead of describing physical texture.
Notas de uso	Use 'aproximado' quando quiser sugerir uma estimativa em vez de um número exato. É adequado para contextos acadêmicos e do dia a dia. Evite usá-lo em conversas muito informais. Use 'approximate' when you want to suggest an estimate rather than an exact number. It's suitable for academic and everyday contexts. Avoid using it in very casual conversations.	Use 'fechar' ao falar sobre fechar objetos físicos como portas ou livros. Também pode significar terminar algo, como uma reunião. Evite usá-lo com pessoas na maioria dos contextos, exceto em conversas muito informais. Use 'close' when talking about shutting physical objects like doors or books. It can also mean to finish something, such as a meeting. Avoid using it with people in most contexts, except in very informal conversations.	Usado para se referir à proximidade física ou figurativa. Geralmente aceitável em contextos falados e escritos. Evite usar em ambientes excessivamente formais. Used when referring to physical or figurative closeness. Generally acceptable in both spoken and written contexts. Avoid using in overly formal settings.	Use 'rough' para descrever superfícies, texturas ou condições que não são lisas ou gentis. Também pode se referir a alguém que é rude ou antipático em seu comportamento. Geralmente é neutro, mas pode soar informal em alguns contextos. Evite usar 'rough' em textos muito formais. Use 'rough' to describe surfaces, textures, or conditions that are not smooth or gentle. It can also refer to someone being harsh or unfriendly in behavior. It is generally neutral but may sound informal in some contexts. Avoid using 'rough' in very formal writing.

Veja em clipes reais

Dr. Brand and Edmunds. They close?

This isn't like the army! You have to get close and get their brains on your suit.

The Lord Of The Rings › The return of the king

Very close now.

Dr. Brand and Edmunds. They close?

This isn't like the army! You have to get close and get their brains on your suit.

Close

The Lord Of The Rings › The return of the king

It must be getting near teatime.

Near

If that goombah tries any rough stuff, tell him I'm no bandleader.

Rough

Perguntas frequentes: Approximate vs Close vs Near vs Rough

Qual é a diferença entre Approximate, Close, Near e Rough?

Approximate: To guess or estimate something closely. Close: To shut something, like a door or a window. Near: close to something Rough: Not smooth; having a lot of bumps or uneven areas.

Approximate, Close, Near e Rough estão no mesmo nível CEFR?

Approximate: B1, Close: A1, Near: A1, Rough: B1 na escala CEFR.

Que classe gramatical são Approximate, Close, Near e Rough?

Approximate: adjective, Close: verb, Near: preposition, Rough: adjective.

Pode mostrar um exemplo de cada?

Approximate: an **approximate number/total/cost** Close: Please close the door before you leave. Near: The school is near my house. Rough: The surface of the table is quite rough, making it difficult to write on.

Posso usar Approximate, Close, Near e Rough de forma intercambiável?

Nem sempre. Approximate, Close, Near e Rough são relacionadas e às vezes se sobrepõem, mas diferem em registro, frequência e uso, então trocar uma pela outra pode mudar o sentido ou o tom. Veja as diferenças acima antes de substituir.