A1preposition1K

Without

UK /["/wɪˈðaʊt/"]/US /["/wɪˈðaʊt/"]/

Definition

not having, experiencing or showing something

In simple words: not having something

Examples

  • They had gone two days without food.
  • He found the place without difficulty.
  • She spoke without much enthusiasm.
  • Don't go without me.
  • Can you see without your glasses?
  • Don't go out without your coat.
  • He left without saying goodbye.
  • You can't make an omelette without breaking eggs.
  • **Without wanting to** criticize, I think you could have done better. *(= used before you make a critical comment)*
  • The party was organized without her knowing anything about it.

Usage notes

Use 'without' to indicate the absence of something. It's neutral and used in both spoken and written English. Avoid using it in overly formal writing where alternatives might be preferred.

Grammar pattern

without + noun

Memory hint

Think of 'with' — without means not having it!

Collocations

  • without hesitation
  • without any doubt
  • without permission
  • without a doubt

Synonyms

  • lacking
  • absent
  • devoid
  • minus
  • sans

Antonyms

  • with
  • including

Common mistakes

  • Incorrectly using 'without' with verbs instead of nouns.
  • Confusing 'without' with 'with' in sentences.
  • Using 'without' when 'not' is more appropriate.