That vs Whom

Quand utiliser chacun en anglais, avec le sens, le registre et des exemples.

That

Bloc à haute fréquence A1 determiner

Whom

Formel Au-delà de 10 000 (moins courant) B2 pronoun

Le plus formel: Whom Le plus courant: That

	That	Whom
Prononciation	🇬🇧 /["/ðæt/","/ðəʊz/"]/ 🇺🇸 /["/ðæt/","/ðəʊz/"]/	🇬🇧 /["/huːm/"]/ 🇺🇸 /["/huːm/"]/
Sens	used to refer to a specific thing or person	Used instead of 'who' when talking about the object of a verb or preposition.
Exemple	Look at that man over there.	Whom did they invite?
Registre	Neutre	Formel
Fréquence	Bloc à haute fréquence	Au-delà de 10 000 (moins courant)
Niveau CEFR	A1	B2
Nature grammaticale	determiner	pronoun
Collocations	that is, that way, that means, not that, that much	to whom it may concern, whom do you prefer?, with whom are you talking
Antonymes	this	who
Erreurs fréquentes	Confusing 'that' with 'which' in restrictive vs non-restrictive clauses., Using 'that' when the antecedent is a person (use 'who')., Overusing 'that' in sentences, which can make them awkward.	Using 'who' instead of 'whom' in object positions., 'Whom' is often omitted in casual talk., Confusing 'whom' with 'who' when using in questions.
Notes d'usage	Used to refer to something already mentioned or known. In spoken English, it's often used informally. Be careful not to use it in overly formal writing where specificity is needed.	Use 'whom' in more formal situations or writing. In everyday conversation, many people use 'who' instead. It's often used following prepositions.

Questions fréquentes : That vs Whom

Quelle est la différence entre That et Whom ?

That: used to refer to a specific thing or person Whom: Used instead of 'who' when talking about the object of a verb or preposition.

Lequel est le plus formel : That et Whom ?

Whom est le plus formel de tous.

Lequel est le plus courant : That et Whom ?

That est le plus courant dans l'anglais de tous les jours.

Lequel est le plus avancé : That et Whom ?

Whom est le niveau le plus élevé, à B2, sur l'échelle CEFR.

That et Whom sont-ils au même niveau CEFR ?

That: A1, Whom: B2 sur l'échelle CEFR.

Quelle est la nature grammaticale de That et Whom ?

That: determiner, Whom: pronoun.

Peux-tu montrer un exemple de chacun ?

That: Look at that man over there. Whom: Whom did they invite?

Puis-je utiliser That et Whom de façon interchangeable ?

Pas toujours. That et Whom sont proches et se recoupent parfois, mais elles diffèrent par le registre, la fréquence et l'usage, donc remplacer l'une par l'autre peut changer le sens ou le ton. Regarde les différences ci-dessus avant de substituer.