C1nounformal10K+

Deficiency

UK /["/dɪˈfɪʃnsi/"]/US /["/dɪˈfɪʃnsi/"]/

Definition

the state of not having, or not having enough of, something that is essential

In simple words: Not having enough of something you need.

Examples

  • A deficiency in vitamin D can lead to bone problems such as rickets.
  • The company struggled due to a deficiency of skilled workers in the region.
  • Iron deficiency is one of the most common causes of anemia worldwide.
  • The report highlighted a deficiency of funding for education programs.
  • Her performance suffered because of a deficiency in training and experience.

Usage notes

Used in medical, scientific, or formal contexts. Avoid using in casual conversation. It's appropriate when discussing health issues like vitamin deficiency.

Grammar pattern

deficiency + of + noun

Memory hint

Think of 'deficient sea' — a sea that lacks fish is deficient in fish.

Collocations

  • major
  • serious
  • severe
  • have
  • suffer from
  • correct
  • deficiency in
  • major
  • serious
  • severe
  • have
  • suffer from
  • correct
  • deficiency in

Synonyms

  • shortage

Antonyms

  • surplus
  • abundance
  • plenty

Common mistakes

  • Confused with 'deficient' – 'deficiency' is a noun.
  • Using 'deficiency' without 'of' – it should be 'deficiency of...'.
  • Overusing in informal conversations – it's too formal for casual chats.