Danger против Hazard против Peril против Risk

Когда что использовать в английском, со значением, регистром и примерами.

Danger

Топ 1000 (очень частое) A2 noun

Hazard

Топ 3000 (частое) C1 noun

Peril

Формальное Свыше 10 000 (реже) C2 noun

Risk

Топ 1000 (очень частое) B1 noun

Самое формальное: Peril

	Danger	Hazard	Peril	Risk
Произношение	🇬🇧 /["/ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/"]/ 🇺🇸 /["/ˈdeɪndʒər/"]/	🇬🇧 /["/ˈhæzəd/"]/ 🇺🇸 /["/ˈhæzərd/"]/	🇬🇧 //ˈpɛrɪl// 🇺🇸 //ˈpɛrəl//	🇬🇧 /["/rɪsk/"]/ 🇺🇸 /["/rɪsk/"]/
Значение	A situation where something bad can happen.	Something that can cause harm or danger.	Serious danger or risk.	the chance of something bad happening
Пример	The storm brought a danger to the village.	The slippery floors are a serious hazard in the factory.	The explorers faced great peril as they navigated through the treacherous mountains.	There is a risk involved in investing in the stock market.
Регистр	Нейтральное	Нейтральное	Формальное	Нейтральное
Насколько частое	Топ 1000 (очень частое)	Топ 3000 (частое)	Свыше 10 000 (реже)	Топ 1000 (очень частое)
Уровень CEFR	A2	C1	C2	B1
Часть речи	noun	noun	noun	noun
Сочетания	big, considerable, enormous, be exposed to, face, be fraught with, await, exist, face somebody, area, point, spot, in danger, in danger of, out of danger, be off the danger list, be on the danger list, big, considerable, enormous, be exposed to, face, be fraught with, await, exist, face somebody, area, point, spot, in danger, in danger of, out of danger, be off the danger list, be on the danger list, big, considerable, enormous, be exposed to, face, be fraught with, await, exist, face somebody, area, point, spot, in danger, in danger of, out of danger, be off the danger list, be on the danger list	big, great, major, cause, create, pose, hazard for, hazard to, exposure to a hazard	live in peril, face peril, put in peril, perilous situation, sense of peril	big, considerable, enormous, degree, level, element, face, run, take, outweigh something, group, factor, assessment, at risk, at risk from, at risk of, at your own risk, an increase in risk, a reduction in risk, big, considerable, enormous, degree, level, element, face, run, take, outweigh something, group, factor, assessment, at risk, at risk from, at risk of, at your own risk, an increase in risk, a reduction in risk, big, considerable, enormous, degree, level, element, face, run, take, outweigh something, group, factor, assessment, at risk, at risk from, at risk of, at your own risk, an increase in risk, a reduction in risk
Антонимы	safety, security, protection	safety, security	safety, security, protection	safety, certainty
Частые ошибки	Confused with 'dangerous' as the same word., Using in positive contexts (danger is negative)., Overusing in casual dialogues, leading to ambiguity.	'Hazard' confused with 'hazards' in plural form., 'Hazard' used incorrectly as a verb instead of a noun., Mixing up 'hazard' with 'risk' when describing dangers.	Confusing 'peril' with 'perilous' – 'peril' is a noun, 'perilous' is an adjective., Using 'peril' in informal settings where simpler words could be clearer., Mispronouncing it – learners often omit the 'r' sound.	Confusing risk with danger - risk is about possibility, while danger implies a higher chance of harm., Using 'risks' as a singular noun - remember to use the correct plural or singular form., Omitting the object when saying 'risk' - always specify what is being risked.
Заметки по употреблению	Used in both written and spoken contexts. Appropriate for discussions about safety, risk, or warnings. Avoid in overly casual conversations.	Use 'hazard' when discussing risks or dangers, especially in safety contexts. It's appropriate for formal writing and discussions but may feel too technical in casual conversation.	Used often in literature or formal contexts. Avoid in casual conversations where simpler terms like 'danger' are preferred.	Commonly used in both formal and informal contexts. When discussing financial matters, 'risk' is frequent; however, it may not be appropriate in casual conversation about personal matters unless framed carefully.

Частые вопросы: Danger против Hazard против Peril против Risk

В чём разница между Danger, Hazard, Peril и Risk?

Danger: A situation where something bad can happen. Hazard: Something that can cause harm or danger. Peril: Serious danger or risk. Risk: the chance of something bad happening

Что формальнее: Danger, Hazard, Peril и Risk?

Среди них Peril самое формальное.

Что сложнее: Danger, Hazard, Peril и Risk?

Peril имеет самый высокий уровень, C2, по шкале CEFR.

У Danger, Hazard, Peril и Risk одинаковый уровень CEFR?

Danger: A2, Hazard: C1, Peril: C2, Risk: B1 по шкале CEFR.

Какая часть речи у Danger, Hazard, Peril и Risk?

Danger: noun, Hazard: noun, Peril: noun, Risk: noun.

Можно показать пример каждого?

Danger: The storm brought a danger to the village. Hazard: The slippery floors are a serious hazard in the factory. Peril: The explorers faced great peril as they navigated through the treacherous mountains. Risk: There is a risk involved in investing in the stock market.

Можно ли использовать Danger, Hazard, Peril и Risk взаимозаменяемо?

Не всегда. Danger, Hazard, Peril и Risk близки и иногда пересекаются, но различаются по регистру, частоте и употреблению, поэтому замена одного другим может изменить смысл или тон. Стоит свериться с различиями выше, прежде чем заменять.