Abuse против Exploitation против Harm

Когда что использовать в английском, со значением, регистром и примерами.

Abuse

Топ 2000 (частое) C1 noun

Exploitation

Формальное Топ 3000 (частое) C1 noun

Harm

Топ 2000 (частое) B2 noun

Самое формальное: Exploitation

	Abuse	Exploitation	Harm
Произношение	🇬🇧 //əˈbjuːz// 🇺🇸 //əˈbjus//	🇬🇧 /["/ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃn/"]/ 🇺🇸 /["/ˌeksplɔɪˈteɪʃn/"]/	🇬🇧 /["/hɑːm/"]/ 🇺🇸 /["/hɑːrm/"]/
Значение	To treat someone or something badly.	Using someone or something unfairly for your own benefit.	To hurt someone or something.
Пример	The report highlighted cases of child abuse in the local community.	the exploitation of children	The use of plastic can cause harm to the environment.
Регистр	Нейтральное	Формальное	Нейтральное
Насколько частое	Топ 2000 (частое)	Топ 3000 (частое)	Топ 2000 (частое)
Уровень CEFR	C1	C1	B2
Часть речи	noun	noun	noun
Сочетания	domestic abuse, substance abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse	brutal, ruthless, cynical, prevent, struggle against, be open to, effective, efficient, full, be ripe for, effective, efficient, full, be ripe for	considerable, great, serious, cause, do, inflict, come to somebody/​something, harm from, harm to, more harm than good, out of harm’s way
Антонимы	care, protection, respect	fairness, equity	benefit, heal, protect
Частые ошибки	Confused with 'use' - abuse implies negative treatment., Using it in less serious contexts - abuse is a serious term., Omitting the object - abuse typically requires an object.	Confusing with 'exploration', which means to examine or travel through an area., Using 'exploit' incorrectly as a noun instead of a verb., Mixing up 'exploitation' with 'exploitation rights' which have a specific legal meaning.	Confused with 'harm' vs 'damage' — 'harm' often involves living beings., Incorrect verb forms — learners might say 'harmes' instead of 'harms'., Using it in a non-causal way, like 'He was harmed by falling.' instead of 'He was harmed when he fell.'
Заметки по употреблению	Used in both legal and informal contexts. Be cautious of its severe implications when addressing real-life situations.	Used mainly to discuss unfair treatment or use of resources. Often found in academic or political contexts. Less appropriate in casual conversations.	Use 'harm' in contexts where someone or something is negatively affected. It's suitable for both spoken and written English but avoids overly emotional contexts.

Частые вопросы: Abuse против Exploitation против Harm

В чём разница между Abuse, Exploitation и Harm?

Abuse: To treat someone or something badly. Exploitation: Using someone or something unfairly for your own benefit. Harm: To hurt someone or something.

Что формальнее: Abuse, Exploitation и Harm?

Среди них Exploitation самое формальное.

У Abuse, Exploitation и Harm одинаковый уровень CEFR?

Abuse: C1, Exploitation: C1, Harm: B2 по шкале CEFR.

Какая часть речи у Abuse, Exploitation и Harm?

Abuse: noun, Exploitation: noun, Harm: noun.

Можно показать пример каждого?

Abuse: The report highlighted cases of child abuse in the local community. Exploitation: the exploitation of children Harm: The use of plastic can cause harm to the environment.

Можно ли использовать Abuse, Exploitation и Harm взаимозаменяемо?

Не всегда. Abuse, Exploitation и Harm близки и иногда пересекаются, но различаются по регистру, частоте и употреблению, поэтому замена одного другим может изменить смысл или тон. Стоит свериться с различиями выше, прежде чем заменять.