A2formal5K

Shall

UK /["/ʃəl//ʃæl/","/ʃɑːnt/","/ʃʊd/"]/US /["/ʃəl//ʃæl/","/ʃænt/","/ʃʊd/"]/

Definition

used with I and we for talking about or predicting the future

In simple words: Used to indicate future action or to ask for advice or suggestions.

Examples

  • This time next week I shall be in Scotland.
  • We shan't be gone long.
  • I said that I should be pleased to help.
  • Shall I send you the book?
  • What shall we do this weekend?
  • Let's look at it again, shall we?
  • He is determined that you shall succeed.
  • Candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.

Usage notes

Commonly used in formal contexts, such as legal documents or official speeches. It's more often used in British English than in American English. In informal contexts, 'will' is preferred.

Grammar pattern

shall + subject + base verb

Memory hint

Think of 'shall' as 'shell,' like a shell protecting the future plan inside.

Collocations

  • shall we dance
  • you shall not pass
  • shall I compare thee
  • shall I help you
  • shall we start

Synonyms

  • will
  • must
  • ought to
  • should
  • may

Antonyms

  • refuse
  • decline

Common mistakes

  • Using 'shall' in first person only — 'shall' is typically used with 'I' or 'we' and not with other subjects.
  • Confusing 'shall' with 'should' — 'shall' indicates future intent, while 'should' often indicates obligation.
  • Using 'shall' in negative forms incorrectly — remember, it's not commonly used for negatives.